Essay06 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Essay06 - Essay Example inty differ in that in risk, the outcome is unknown but the distribution of the outcome is not known however in uncertainty, both the outcome and the distribution of the outcome are not known (Samuelson and Stephen, 501). Probability of an outcome is the odds that the outcome will occur (Samuelson and Stephen, 501). The three types of probability discussed in the book are relative frequency, subjective probability, and theoretical probability. The difference in these methods in generating probability is that the theoretical probability assigns equal likelihood to all possible outcomes of an experiment, therefore, the chances of an event occurring is 1/n for each possible outcome. Relative frequency probability type gives the probability of an event through finding the ratio of the times the event occurs and the number of trials undertaken. Subjective probability determines the probability of an outcome â€Å"represents the decision maker’s degree o belief that the outcome will occur† (Samuelson and Stephen, 501). Statistical inference involves the use of statistical techniques for generating conclusions from a set amount of data through observation or sampling. Statistical inference using historical data involves the generation of conclusions from data that was collected a long time ago. Statistical bias using historical data creates bias in rapidly changing markets because of a change in the conditions of the market when the information was collected and the current market situation. The basis of the data collected could have changed and the current conditions reflect a difference; hence, the conclusions made reflect on the past and not the market situation currently as there are frequent changes in the market conditions resulting in statistical bias. The other reason for the bias in statistical inference of historical data is that statistical inference is affected by the random variation of the data over time and this variation results in the change of the

David Hilbert Biography Essay Example for Free

David Hilbert Biography Essay David Hilbert was born in Koenigsberg, East Prussia, on January 23, 1862. He was a great leader and spokesperson of mathematics in the early 20th century, he was a Christian. Like most great German mathematicians, Hilbert was a product of Gà ¶ttingen University, at that moment the world’s mathematical center, and he spent much of his working life there. His formative years were spent at Kà ¶nigsberg University where he developed fruitful scientific exchange with his fellow mathematicians Adolf Hurwitz and Hermann Minkowski. At the University of Koenigsberg, Hilbert studied under Lindemann for his doctorate, which he earned in 1885. One of his friends there was Hermann Minkowski, who was also a doctoral student. In 1884, Adolf Hurwitz was appointed to Koenigsberg University and became friends with Hilbert, which was a very significant factor in Hilbert’s mathematical development. David Hilbert was a member of staff at Koenigsberg from 1886-1895, being the Privatdozent until 1892. He was then an Extraordinary Professor for one year before becoming a full professor in 1893. His calculus examination led him to invent â€Å"Hilbert space,† considered to be among the primary concepts of functional analysis as well as modern mathematical physics. He founded fields such as modern logic and met mathematics. In 1899, David Hilbert published his book – The Foundations of Geometry – in which he described a set of axioms that eliminated the flaws from Euclidean geometry. In the same year, American mathematician Robert L. Moore also published a set of axioms for Euclidean geometry at age 19. While some axioms in both systems were similar, there was a feature about the axioms that were different. Hilbert’s axioms were theorems from Robert Moore’s and Moore’s axioms were proved as theorems from David Hilbert’s. David Hilbert developed a program to axiomatize mathematics. With his attempt to achieve his goal, he began a â€Å"formalist school† of mathematics, which opposed the â€Å"Intuitionism† of Brouw er and Kronecker. Meanwhile, Hilbert was expanding his contributions to math in various directions partial differential equations, mathematical physics, and calculus of variations. He knew that he could not achieve this by himself. In 1900, Hilbert gave a massive homework assignment to all mathematicians across the world. He did this when he presented a lecture, entitled â€Å"mathematical  problems† before Paris International Congress of 1900. Hilbert proposed 23 mathematics problems to whose solutions he thought the 20th century mathematicians ought to devote themselves. These mathematics problems are now known as Hilbert’s problems and many of them remain unsolved today. Many Christians believe different things when it comes to mathematics, for example some believe that math is an incredible testimony to God’s faithfulness, while others believe it is anti-Christian. I can help others connected by raising awareness of the different beliefs. This is important to us as Christians because it opens our eyes to reality and how we should look at things through a Christian standpoint.

Communication An Important Tool English Language Essay

Communication An Important Tool English Language Essay Communication is a very important tool in a human live. It is an essential requirement in this world to survive. We can look back in the times of ignorance when no language was developed even than communication existed in form of sign language and other forms. It is impossible for any educational institute, organization or domestic life to exist without it. It is more than just speaking. An interaction session of speaking results in bringing out meaning to any words or actions. Communication is usually considered to be restricted to language and words but in reality body language and action play an important role in perception of the message in communication (Alder, 1996). Similarly it is not only depended on the sender to depict the meaning of any communication, the receiver plays a major role in the out come of the communication. The message send by the sender may not be interpreted the same way it was intended. Hence communication or expression goes a great way towards determining how the expressions are interpreted. Flaw in communication or incomplete communication may affect the purpose of the communication and can result in damaging the consequences. Karl Popper said about this issue, it is impossible to speak in such a way that you cannot be misunderstood. Thus effective communication is important in every walk of life professional, personal or social. Not everyone is able to effectively express themselves and this is where the importance of communication skills can be truly understood. The communication process includes the following components: sender, message, encoding, receiver, decoding and feedback. There are different models which describe the basic process of communication. These communication models serve to clarify the nature of communication, to provide a guide for research, and to offer a means of displaying research findings (Narula, 2006). Such models are a tool by which researchers, practitioners, and students can demonstrate their ideas about what they believe to be the most essential features of communication. The Transmission Model of Communication is a highly acclaimed model of communication developed by Shannon and Weaver (1949). It is a model of communication which reduces message to a process that transmits information. The model includes five elements; a source of information, the transmitter, a channel, receiver and a destination where the message arrives. According to Daniel Chandler(2007) this model is not the best example for communication as it does not include a two way communication rather is based only on getting the message across to the receiver which can result in technical problem such as uncertainty of how accurately has the message been transmitted. Another problem which can be faced in this model of communication is the semantic error that means how precisely the meaning of the message is covered. Above all the problem of effectiveness is really important; the sender would not be able to confirm that how effectively the message has affected the behavior of the receiver. This model is definitely one of the simplest models of communication but it carries around the major issue of one way model. One way communication brings uncertainty to the sender of the purpose of the communication being served or destroyed. The whole concept of communication revolves around the feedback; which is a two-way communication model. If we analyze this model in a class room scenario, it is impossible for a teacher to give the lecture to the students without knowing that whether her message has been understood by the students or not. She might even face the transmission error considering that the students are unable to understand her language. Chances of semantic error are very much possible in a classroom session as the teacher might be explaining to her level best but the students might not be prà ©cising it as accurately as the teacher is thinking. Effectiveness of the lecture is surely doubtful without any feedback. This model is a complete failure especially in education sector because interaction between the teacher and student is the key factor. Derivative Models of the Communication Process is another model of communication it is also referred as two-way flow or the gatekeeper model (Katz, 1957). This model was the main focus of mass communication as there are limitation in this model of communication to decide which message should reach out to the receivers and how should they depict the message. In news rooms and media networks journalists have the power to prevent the outflow of the message; it is also known as gateway as the message or news goes through a censor (Lorimer, Scannell, 2004). This model of communication is also widely being used in all forms of communication. Whether it is personal, social or educational communication; we often observe this model being practiced by our teachers. A lecturer might censor the information she is not well prepared to deliver or if her own concepts are vague. This would limit the students with less information. Although this model of communication is majorly used by mass communication but our interpersonal communication has also adapted its attributes. The educational sector is dependant on the communication theories. It is often observed that the students are not enjoying the liberty to think out of the box or to explore new things as the lecturers have restricted their lectures to what they decide is important for the students to learn; in a way they act as the gatekeepers in the process of communication. Third model of communication is the New Model of Communication Process which includes feedback which may be delayed but is regarded as an interactive session of communication. All the new models of the modern world of communication are following two-way communication methods (Narula, 2008). Two-way communication enables the sender to confirm that the receiver has received the message. Also it helps the sender to confirm that the receiver has understood the message clearly. It allows the receiver to share his opinion about the message he has received. Also it allows the receiver to question the sender and change the message. If we observe this in an educational setup, we might pronounce that this is the most suitable model of communication. In modern world this model of communication is being used every where regardless of its use in any organization or any inter personal communication session. Also now mostly all forms of mass communication are also practicing two-way communication including print media, electronic media, radio and online journalism. The educational system is observing it in many different ways. The interactive class room session allows the students to question and share their knowledge with the teachers and other students of the class. The students are given in class take home assignments which are forms of student response for the teacher as she would get feedback of the understanding of the student regarding lecture executed to them. Projects and presentation further assists the examiner that how far the student has understood the concepts and how good is he in implementing the knowledge served to him by the lecturer. Teacher-student inter personal relationship is also a form of two way communication to understand the subject in depth. Written communication involves any type of interaction that makes use of the written word. It is one of the two main types of communication, along with oral/spoken communication. Written communication is the foremost communication required and used in education. All the books and reference material are in form of written communication. The assignments submitted are in written form and also the presentations and most projects are given using written communication. The basis of communication is the interaction between people.   Verbal communication is one way for people to communicate face-to-face.   Some of the key components of verbal communication are sound, words, speaking, and language.  Verbal communication is also the key for the teachers to make the understanding clear for the students of any concept. Written material provided to them would not help them alone. Any guidance regarding their subject is based on verbal communication (Hulme, 2002). Nonverbal communication  is usually understood as the process of  communication  through sending and receiving  wordless  messages. i.e., language is not the only source of communication, there are other means also. Messages can be communicated through  gestures  and touch, by  facial expression  and  eye contact. Meaning can also be communicated through object or  artifacts. Numerous examples are observed in a classroom session of non-verbal communication (Robert, 2010). It is a very important consideration when marking the presentations. Teachers have separate marks allocated to the body language, dressing and eye contact. A direct communication where all the participants of the communication are physically present at a time is known as Synchronous communication. A telephone call or boards of directors meeting are good examples of synchronous communication. In a class room it helps the students to have a better understanding to get instant feedback from the teacher on any topic, which may interrupt his understanding for the entire lecture if not cleared at that point. In asynchronous communication all the participants of the communication may not be available at the same time. Instead of telephone if we take the example of emails, the receiver may not check the email right at that point, blogs are also a good example of asynchronous communication. In an educational setup students are sent informative emails which help them ascertain a better understanding of the lesson. Electronic communication involves use of the digital technology in the communication system. In modern times computers and internet has made education very much digital. The students are highly depended on mass media for seeking help in the learning (Coffield, 2002). Visual communication is the communication  through visual aid and is explained as the transfer of ideas and information in a way which can be looked upon and read as well; including diagrams, signs, drawings, electronic sources. Visual displays of ideas have better changes of informing, education and persuading the audiences. Presentations given by the lecturers and other diagrams are the basic use of visual communication in a classroom. Kinesthetic communication is very common in educational systems. Few students can just learn by listening and reading. They need to do it. These types of students learn only while they perform it. They might learn better if they type their notes or do a practical to understand the concept behind a theory. All these forms of communication come with barriers. The effectiveness of the communication is relative provided it does not face any barriers in communication process. Physical barrier can be observed in case the teacher or a student is unreachable. The lecture a student would miss due to his absence might be deemed as barrier of communication. Contextual barrier may be observed in a communication of a classroom session. The students might not take the right reference of the lecture and may misinterpret the information provided to them. Technical skills are a huge problem in case a student is not well aware of internet usage his ability to gain from some major information will be r estricted. Technical errors may occur due to designing faults observed in the machinery. Cultural differences are also a common barrier of communication observed in a classroom of student from different backgrounds. This may cause problems of language which will definitely interrupt the smooth flow of lectures as the student who does not understand what is being delivered by the teacher will definitely not benefit from the information provided(Claire, 2008). Behavior is very important when it comes to education. The three important elements of any educational system is language, behavior and the programming of how we execute the information the students get (Dean, 2008). Neuro-Linguistic Programming includes neurology, language and programming which are the three key factors of a human experience. The system in which our body functions is known as neurological system. The interface and communication with other individuals is through language (Widdowson, 2001). The reproduction of the world we create is the programming done by us. Closing the above statement Neuro-Linguistic Programming is the primary connection between mind and language with how their relationship with each other affects human body and behavior. Epistemology addresses multiple levels involved in being a human being. Neuro-Linguistic Programming is a very realistic school of thought. It includes the development of behavioral mechanism and flexibility. It is a multi- dimensional process. NLP is also involved in premeditated thinking and is considered a cognitive and mental procedure behind human behavior. It also provides utensils and abilities for the progress of an individuals excellence. At the same time it also provides a system of sanctioning beliefs and presupposition about who human beings are in real; what is the procedure of change and what is communication (Knight, 1999). On the other hand NLP also consists of agenda, exploring individuality and doing self analysis to rediscover one self. It provides the framework for better perception and relation to the spirituality of a human experience that goes beyond their status as a member to the family, community and to this world. NLP is about the wisdom and vision of an individual with excellence. Personalized learning is a public educational model which is exclusive to cater to the interests and need of each student individually. It can be a classroom-based or non-class-room based mythology According to Tabard (2010) the latest educational researcher found out that students learn most successfully with parental involvement, less number of pupils in each class, one-on-one interaction between student and teacher (Dean, 2006). Students feel a connection between them and their teacher which also brings a different level of confidence in the pupil. It is the most affective way of teaching. Electronic learning is the modern way of learning. It includes the digital learning system using computer, internet, DVD, projector presentations and much more. It is much preferable by the students of this generation. With the way the electronic learning is increasing personal learning is losing its importance (Jeffrey, Beasley, Miller, 2008). In future we might observe that the learning is only electronic based. It has already started to gain the preference over the personalized form of learning (Sandars, 2006). Communication is very important for any educational center as they go hand in hand. A good combination of the communication method would help the students to benefit from all forms of communications contemporary as well as traditional. It is very essential to balance the forms of communication. The education system needs to develop the most accurate network between students and teachers so that their behavior, language, learning and most of all execution of their learning can improve.

Vouchers Are Not the Solution for Improving Public Schools Essay

â€Å"Vouchers lead us away from the basic American tradition of a free, quality public education for every student and undermine the kind of comprehensive, systemic school reform that is working [†¦]† (Tirozzi, 1997). This quote taken from Gerald Tirozzi, the assistant U.S. secretary of education for elementary and secondary education, sums up the issue of vouchers. Milton Friedman, a free-market theorist, introduced vouchers, which funnel public funds to private schools, more than forty years ago (Resnick, 1998). Vouchers redirect money that would have been spent on educating a child in the public school system to a private school of the parent’s choosing. Voucher use is based on two factors, student eligibility and school eligibility. Those students who would be eligible for vouchers are among those in low-income families. School eligibility widely varies state by state. In some states school eligibility is restricted only to nonsectarian private schools, where elsewhere any private school is eligible (Resnick, 1998). Those who support vouchers offer three reasons for their position. One reason being that most public schools are failing, secondly vouchers help the children who use them, and thirdly vouchers create competition that motivates public schools to improve (Resnick, 1998). However, opponents argue that funding should be put toward improving the current public school system for the masses instead of allowing a better education to an elite few. Research is largely oppos ed to vouchers. Vouchers imprudently use public funds to back religious education, degrade public education, and support elitism. Vouchers are set up such that they take money from public school funds and redirect it towards private schools an... ... nations schools are not failing, but would benefit from improvement, the children that do receive the vouchers are but an elite few and the benefits of a private school education as opposed to public has yet to be proven. Supporters make the last argument that vouchers create competition that motivates the public schools to improve, however at the same time the funding that needs to go towards improvements is being stripped away resulting in deterioration of the public school system. As supported vouchers unfavorably use public funds to back religious education, degrade public education, and support elitism where it should not be. The public school system was created to accept all children no matter what. The system of vouchers causes the school system to take several steps back on the progress it has made as a result of years of struggle to become truly public.

Martha E Rogers

A casual occurrence, she shared her birthday with Florence Nightingale born 94 years before and had passed away four years before. They will share more than a birthrate as we will see later namely the role of the nursing as distinct from medicine. One is helping nature while nursing puts the patient in the best environment for nature to act 3 Martha was born in a family which valued education and from an early age she was an avid reader challenging herself to read up to five books a week.She was an avid learner as well with no hesitation for the harder classes such as math and algebra. She ran in the first gender issue then as she was the only woman in that class. She wanted to put her learning skills and knowledge towards contribution to social welfare hesitating between law and medicine and eventually opting for the later. She started in pre- med at the University of Tennessee (1931) but withdrew in 1933 under the pressure this was not a career deemed suitable for a woman. This was even told her by her parents.She eventually received a diploma from the Knoxville General Hospital School of Nursing in 1936. Despite her being valedictorian of her class, her parents were not happy she did not have a degree and enrolled the George Peabody College in Nashville where she earned a Bachelor of Science in Public Health Nursing in 1937. After graduation, she worked for the Children's Fund of Michigan as public health nurse. Her work involved home visits, case finding giving vaccinations, planning and giving health teaching programs.She then decided to further her education by entering into a Master program at Columbians Teacher's College in New York in 1939. She would graduate in 1945 having worked at the Visiting Nurse Association in Hartford CT culminating her involvement there as acting Director of Education. Upon graduation in 1945, she took the position of executive director of the Phoenix Visiting Nurse Association in Arizona. An intellectual she called for an â⠂¬Å"educational revolution in nursing'6 that differentiated university education from vocational training grounded in theoretical knowledge.This intellectual curiosity led her to another Master in Public Health in 1952 from the John Hopkins University, the premier health program in the US. She went on to earn a Doctor of Science degree (Sad) in 1954, with a circus similar to a PhD, thus becoming one of the very few nurses holding a doctoral program. Her view on what the requirements for nurses should be which had led her to her pursuit of academic achievements was rewarded with the position of professor of Nursing and head of the Division of Nursing a New York University in 1954.In her mind, nursing was not a vocational school but required the expansion of curriculum with theory based leaning and a bachelor of science program. It is during this period that she developed a new theory – the science of unitary human beings, writing three books Educational Revolution in Nursing ( 1961), Reveille in Nursing (1964) and An Introduction to the Theoretical Basis of Nursing (1970). This last book marked the beginning of a new era in nursing.She identified the central focus of nursing concerns by understanding the importance of studying human beings and their environments as an irreducible unitary whole and that human beings are more than and different from the sum of their parts. I do not claim to understand everything it means and I have followed the presentation by a am of students from Northern Arizona University in nursing who presented this as a final project to their class. She proposed an abstract system which is comprised of four key concepts: Energy fields: the fundamental unit of life.Openness: there are no boundaries to prevent the flow of energy between human and environmental energy fields providing for the continuous movement of matter and energy. Pattern: distinguishing characteristics of the field that reflects the dynamic change of nature and man' s innovative wholeness. Pan-dimensionality: non linear domain without spatial or time-based characteristics, the coming together of n infinite number of dimensions. These four concepts are the building blocks that construct the three scientific principles of homeostasis which proposes a way to view the unitary human being.Integrally: The human energy fields that are mutually and continuously changing: we affect our environment and it affects us – meditation or music can promote a positive human environment. Resonance: from the field of physics. The constant change of the way patterns from higher to lower frequency – the flow of energy between people and everything in the world around them. Can be done through human touch, talking, drawing, storytelling or any active usage of imagination.Helical: any small change in any environmental field causes ripple effect which creates larger changes in other fields; the continuous evolution of change that results from the interact ion of human environment fields. It is both constant and unpredictable and explains the fact that there are many forces that are interacting. This extremely intellectual approach to nursing which was also the result of her education and her thriving for knowledge derives also from a philosophy with a positive attitude to the human being.It seeks for the patient to reach self- actualization as described by Abraham Moscow. I would argue that beyond the theoretical construct she wrote and which can be difficult for the layman to understand, Martha Rogers gave a fundamental belief that nurses are more than simple caregivers and though their communication and understanding of the patient, the nurse can provide a fundamental boost and daily encouragement to the patient to reach well-being. This psychological drive is combined with the scientific elements of knowledge of what is a proper environment for the patient to move forward.This last point is very much in line with the theories put forward by Florence Nightingale in creating a nurturing environment for patients. It is may be a coincidence that both were born on the same day but also remained unmarried dedicated to the cause of nursing at promoting a healthy filed and environment for patients to recover. In your opinion, how did the theory of Martha Rogers enhance and improve the nursing care given to the patients? Martha Rogers believed that nursing was both a science and an art.Her thriving for more scientific knowledge for nurses means that attentions were taken care of by better educated nurses who were more able to understand the medical underpinning of the treatment administered to the patient. At the same time the holistic approach derived from her theoretical research means that patients can expect nurses who are more in tune with the forces which affect their lives and how the environment in which they are recovering can be affected by the attention and care given to them.The overall affect they receiv e is enhanced through the concept of helical – the gentle push given to support the patient's morale by the nurse has a profound effect on the patient's recovery. This is enhanced as the psychological makeup of the patient is affected by the care attention and devotion given by the nurse who has been trained to understand both the technical remedies offered by medicine but also tries to communicate and fosters the energy fields of the patient – his or her resilience in the face of illness and all of the motivation which will help the patient fight for full recovery.Behind the complex words in Martha Rorer's theories, I view the role of the nurse as both understanding the regimen of medical treatment which has been proposed by the doctors but also a close legislation with the patient which means that the patient is not alone in fighting for recovery. It reminds me of the final plea of Patch Adams when he tells his fellow students to listen to the nurses.They have a fing er on the psychological pulse of the patient and can relate to the will for recovery and offer actual support to the patient. By articulating that trained nurses can understand both the technical issues of a treatment as well as the human issues of a patient, Martha Rogers elevates the role of the nurse from a simple caregiver to an individual fully involved in the recovery and well-being of patients.

Tricky Masculine Nouns in German

Tricky Masculine Nouns in German German is a pretty rule-heavy language but as with any rules, there are always exceptions. In this article, well dive into masculine nouns that have irregular endings. Masculine Nouns Ending in e Most German nouns ending in -e are feminine. But there are some very common e-ending masculine nouns - sometimes referred to as weak nouns. Many of them derived from adjectives. Here are a few common examples: der alte: old mander beamte: civil servantder deutsche: male Germander Franzose: Frenchmander fremde: strangerder gatte: male spouseder kollege: colleagueder kunde: customerder junge: boyder riese: giantder verwandte: relative Almost all such masculine nouns ending in -e (der Kse being a rare exception) add an -n ending in the genitive and plural. They also add an -n ending in any case other than the nominative - for example, the accusative, dative, and genitive cases (den/dem kollegen, des kollegen). But there are a few more variations on this ending theme. Some Masculine Nouns Add ens in the Genitive Another small group of German masculine nouns ending in -e requires an unusual ending in the genitive case. While most German masculine nouns add -s or -es in the genitive, these nouns add -ens instead. This group includes​: der  name/des namens: of the nameder glaube/des glaubens: of the beliefder buchstabe/des buchstabens: of the letter, referring to the alphabetder friede/des friedens: of the  peaceder funke/des funkens: of the sparkder same/des samens: of the seedder wille/des willens: of the  will Masculine Nouns Referring to Animals, People, Titles, or Professions This group of common masculine nouns includes some that end in -e (der là ¶we, lion), but there are also other typical endings: -ant (der kommandant), -ent (der prsident), -r (der br), -t (der architekt). As you can see, these German nouns often resemble the same word in English, French, or other languages. For nouns in this group, you need to add an -en ending in any case other than the nominative: Er sprach mit dem Prsidenten. (dative) Nouns That Add -n, -en   Some nouns add an n, en, or another ending in any case other than the nominative.   (AKK.) Kennst du den Franzosen? Do you know the Frenchman? (DAT.) Was hat sie  dem  Jungen  gegeben? What did she give the boy? (GEN.) Das ist der Name des Herrn. Thats the gentlemans name. Other Irregular German Masculine Nouns Endings shown are for (1) the genitive/accusative/dative and (2) the plural. der alte:  old man (-n, -n)der architekt:  architect (-en, -en)der automat: vending machine (-en, -en)der br  bear: (-en, -en) Often  des brs  in informal genitive usage.der bauer:  farmer, peasant; yokel (-n, -n)der beamte:  civil servant (-n, -n)der bote:  messenger (-n, -n)der bursche:  boy, lad; fellow, guy (-n, -n)der Deutsche:  male German (-n, -n)der einheimische:  native, local (-n, -n)der erwachsene:  adult (-n, -n)der Franzose: Frenchman (-n, -n)der fremde:  stranger (-n, -n)der fà ¼rst:  prince (-en, -en)der  gatte:  male spouse (-n, -n)der gefangene:  prisoner (-n, -n)der gelehrte:  scholar (-n, -n)der graf:  count (-en, -en)der heilige:  saint (-n, -n)der held:  hero (-en, -en)der herr:  gentleman, lord (-n, -en)der hirt:  herdsman (-en, -en)der kamerad:  comrade (-en, -en)der  kollege:  colleague (-n, -n)der kommandant:  commander (-en, -en)der kunde:  customer (-n, -n)der là ¶we:  lion; Leo (astrol.) (-n, -n)d er mensch:  person, human being (-en, -en)der nachbar:  neighbor (-n, -n) Often the -n ending is only used in the genitive singular. der junge:  boy (-n, -n)der kse:  cheese (-s, -)  The plural is usually  ksesorten.der planet:  planet (-en, -en)der prsident:  president (-en, -en)der prinz:  prince (-en, -en)der riese: giant (-n, -n)der soldat:  soldier (-en, -en)der tor:  fool, idiot (-en, -en)der verwandte:  relative (-n, -n) A final comment about these special masculine nouns. In common, everyday German (casual versus more formal register), the genitive -en or -n endings are sometimes replaced by an -es or -s. In some cases, the accusative or dative endings are also dropped.

Organisation Analysis Example

Organisation Analysis Example Organisation Analysis – Coursework Example Teacher SWOT Analysis of Starbucks HRM Strength –HRM practices recognized as one of the companies in the world that has best HRM practices earning the company as the most ethical company in the restaurant industry. This reputation translates to low labor turnover and ease of attracting potential talents into the company. It practice equal opportunity and encourages diversity among its employees and is lauded in the industry.Weakness – its HRM is costly that may render the company less competitive. Starbucks is one of the highest paying company in the industry that includes health benefits and stock options. All of these entails cost that may difficult to sustain the long run.Opportunity – Starbucks could also extend its HRM practices to its suppliers, farmers who plant and harvest their coffee. Since Starbucks employs its suppliers on a long term basis and in fact does audit to ensure that its farming practices are consistent with its set guidelines, it may inclu de as well the farmers in the audit. Starbucks has the opportunity to include its HRM practices to the farmers and its other suppliers. This could translate to an ideal corporate citizenship that would earn the goodwill of its customers and therefore, will strengthen the brand to command premium prices. Threat – Competitors with lower prices threatens the company as well as its HRM practices. If competition will become stiff and the market becomes price driven, Starbucks may be forced to cut cost and one of the areas that may be cut is its benefits and pay which its employees enjoy.

How to Avoid Bias in Your Writing

How to Avoid Bias in Your Writing How to Avoid Bias in Your Writing How to Avoid Bias in Your Writing By Mark Nichol Gender and ability bias in language doesn’t register for many people, but that’s often because many of them do not belong to the classes who have been subjected to the bias. For example, many writers persist in referring to our species, collectively, as man or mankind, even though several reasonable alternatives exist: the human race, humankind, and humanity. Most (though not all) are men. â€Å"Get over it† is a common counterargument to the assertion that because half of mankind is womankind, a gender-neutral alternative is more sensitive to that fact; man and mankind, the reasoning goes, have sufficed for most of recorded human history sorry, I mean â€Å"man history† and everybody knows it refers not just to the breadwinner, the man of the house, the king of the castle but also to the weaker sex, the little woman, the housewife. Get my drift? Get over it, indeed. Man up, and join the human race. One justification for opposing gender-neutral language is that it can be so cumbersome. Why convolutedly change he, as a generic term, to â€Å"he or she,† or his to â€Å"his or her†? We all know he or his can refer to a man or a woman, and English lacks an inclusive pronoun. (Except that it doesn’t but I’ll get to that in a moment.) Yes, repetitious use of â€Å"he or she† or â€Å"his or her† is ridiculous, but it’s easy to mix it up with it, the magical indeterminate pronoun, or to alternate between he and she or his and her in successive anecdotes, or to pluralize a reference and use they in place of a specific pronoun. Or gasp! you can replace â€Å"he or she† with they. Kill the klaxon, switch off the warning lights, and think about it: They has been long used as a singular pronoun as well as a plural one. But not everybody agrees, so be prepared for pushback if you employ this solution. References to physical disabilities are even more fraught with risks to sensitivity. Such constructions as â€Å"confined to a wheelchair† identify people by their limitations, which is discriminatory. It’s more respectful to refer to someone who â€Å"uses a wheelchair.† What about, simply, â€Å"wheelchair users,† or â€Å"blind people,† or â€Å"deaf children†? These phrases violate what’s known as the people-first philosophy, which holds that any reference to a person should emphasize the person, not their disability. So, refer to â€Å"Smith, who uses a wheelchair,† â€Å"people who are blind† or â€Å"people with visual impairments,† and â€Å"children who are deaf† or â€Å"children who are hearing impaired.† And it should go without saying that references to a disability are extraneous unless it is relevant to the discussion. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Comparative Forms of Adjectives15 Words for Household Rooms, and Their Synonyms48 Writing Prompts for Middle School Kids

HIPAA, CIA, and Safeguards Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HIPAA, CIA, and Safeguards - Case Study Example It never took enough precautionary measures to ensure the privacy of information. Investigations also revealed that the organization never implemented enough physical safeguards. This is due to the fact that it never had proper facility access controls. In fact, the requirements are as per HIPAA security rules. It has been noticed that health plans as well as health care providers do not comply with the requirements of HIPAA as far as information security is concerned. HITECH Breach notification rule is assertive in ensuring that rights of patients are protected. The rights ensure that information about the patient is given protection to enable privacy of the service (HHS, 2012). Apart from paying $1.5 million, BCBST had to promise to review and revise its policies concerning security and privacy. The health providers and health plans do not provide robust and regular training for employees as required by HIPAA rules. It is required that confidentiality of information is maintained such that the information is not disclosed to unauthorized people. OCR has investigated issues on lack of compliance. It investigated several institutions including hospital chains, small provider offices, major medical centers, national pharmacy chains, health insurance issuers, and group health plans among others. OCR has been specific in its investigations (Gibson, 2013). Among the issues include patients lacking access to protected health information, PHI. It was found that there are no proper safeguards to PHI. The health institutions do not put implement proper administrative safeguards that are used to protect electronic the protected health information. Another issue was unauthorized disclosure or use of more than the minimum necessary protected health information. Another case happened to Hospice of North Idaho when it violated HIPAA security rule. It agreed to pay the government $50000. According to the investigations of OCR, it was found that an unencrypted

Critically assess the importance of performance appraisal as an Essay

Critically assess the importance of performance appraisal as an integrative function of human resource management - Essay Example One of such tools is the performance appraisal system which elaborates on the evaluation of the individual employee performances and likewise suggests the determination of the reward system. However, being linked with employee performances in a direct way, the tool can be identified to impose various limitations and complexity issues for the modern day management. Based on this notion, it has often been argued that performance appraisal performs a vital function to determine the sustainability of an organisation by a large extent (Rees & Porter, 2004). Emphasising on this particular aspect, the discussion hereby deals with the role of performance appraisal system to support the success of an organisation by gaining sustainability in terms of enhanced employee loyalty and consistent augmentation in their productivity. The sole intention of the essay is thus to critically discuss about the importance of performance appraisal system taking into account the case example of Rother Homes, a major player in the market of UK housing association. Importance of Performance Appraisal as an Interpretive Function of HRM Performance appraisal can be identified as one of the most important tools considered in the modern day applications of HRM to evaluate the performance of the employees effectively in an organisation (The University of Texas- Pan America, 2008). It is in this context that an appropriately executed performance appraisal tends to make the organisation familiar with the employee’s performances and their capacity to work. The feedback obtained from the performance appraisal is often useful for the organisation to accurately decide upon the employees’ reward in terms of promotion or demotion. Hence, a properly executed performance appraisal program helps the organisation to identify the shortfalls of the employees and effectually work on the indentified issues. Moreover, it helps to conduct management development program efficiently and prepare qual ity workforce for the future operations (Dargham, n.d.). Although formulating standards is regarded as quite difficult in the application of HRM, it is also necessary to establish standards for measuring and evaluating the overall employee performances accurately and effectively. In order to ensure that the performance appraisal is effective in an organisation, it must include the features in terms of validity and reliability being free from biases and relevance (Khan, n.d.). Illustrating the Importance of Performance Appraisal in Rother Homes Separating the Financial Bonus from Performances In the case of Rother Homes, it has been witnessed that the management attempts to relate financial incentives with the performance appraisal system in order to motivate the employees to contribute their best in the organisational process. However, in executing the process, the organisation tends to lack analysing its impact on the employees which in turn indicates a major lacuna of the entire p erformance appra

How different was Sparta from other Greek States Essay

How different was Sparta from other Greek States - Essay Example Some scholars feel that other states felt that Sparta was too obsessed with war and power and that this is the reason why this stated paid attention to the development of a strong army and their involvement in war. Additionally, this is the city that gave a woman the right to conduct business and train for war. Resultantly, other states felt safe to associate with Sparta especially during periods of war. A deep analysis of the Sparta state will unveil the difference of this state compared with other states. The Sparta social structure comprised of three categories of individuals; the citizens, Periokioi and the Helots. The citizens formed the large group of native citizens who were the original habitants of the land. This group of people formed the loyal part of the society. They formed part of the army and had the absolute right to own any kind of property. In the structure oligarchy that existed, the citizens were the superior people that dominated the society. The Periokioi were a group of people who had migrated to this society. They formed the intermediate group that separated the inhabitants and slave. Since this group was way below the habitants, they were not allowed to partake in military action but could own land and control business. They trusted than the minority group of the Helots in this society. The Helots were those people who had entered the country and did not have the right to own land nor participate in war. The formed the source of labour and worked in the lands a nd business enterprises in the society. As observed, the country applied oligarchy unlike other nations such as Athens that were fully democratic1. On this note, this was a good environment only for the original habitants while the aboriginals were treated as inferior beings. The military system in Sparta was stronger than any other in the whole of Greece. The Original citizens in this state were compulsorily supposed to attend military training at their early age. Unlike in

The application of Jacques Lacan's theory and concepts of Essay

The application of Jacques Lacan's theory and concepts of Psychoanalysis - Essay Example tstanding pieces of the feminist literature, and the fact that such a powerful and impressive indignation of the author about the oppressed position of women in the male dominated society of the nineteenth century was voiced in time when many of social changes in the sphere of women`s social equality were even not yet thought of testifies to the great significance of the heritage of Charlotte Perkins Gilman for the modern feminist movements (Golden 1992, pp.319-332). Moreover, Gilman`s story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a great piece of literature for the study of concepts of psychoanalysis. It seems to be especially well suited for the comparison with the theories and concepts of the famous French doctor, psychiatrist, and psychoanalyst Jacques-Marie-Émile Lacan (1901–1981). In this regard, let us firstly take a closer look at the plot, themes, and symbols in the Gilman`s story, which depicts the decent of its heroine into madness, and secondly try to establish l inks between â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† and the concepts developed by Jacques Lacan. One of the chief themes of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† relates to the completely inadequate attitude of the husband to his wife, a woman that apparently has a depressed condition after having given a birth to a child and who is the main protagonist of the short novel. The plot of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is told to readers through the eyes, or more exactly through the private diary writings, of the heroine of the story, who after a nervous breakdown that we can associate with the so called postpartum depression, which may happen with new mothers right after the birth of a child, has been in essence isolated from the external world in a roomy and â€Å"so long untenanted† (Gilman 1892) mansion by the whim of her husband John. John is a physician who allegedly knows what is needed for his wife to get better as he is saying to her â€Å"You know the place is doing you good† (Gilman 1892). Moreover, as the woman observes

Internal Proposal - Oklahoma State University Research

Internal - Oklahoma State University - Research Proposal Example The paper "Internal Proposal - Oklahoma State University" concerns the Oklahoma State University, Mechanical Engineering department and aims to research on the cancellation of online classes. The cancellation of online classes leads to a lose-lose situation in both student and institution bodies. The main goal of this proposal paper is to find out why the online classes was cancelled and also to supply sufficient information to the reader; Miss Kristi Wheeler. Who is the manager of distance education programs in Oklahoma State University so as to solve the predicament relating to the cancellation of online classes. Methodology method is inclusive of the collection of three facts points of primary research. This included interviews with the proper administration, questioners with students and evaluation with consultants. Data collected will aid in the evaluation for the need for maintaining online classes. Three essential features are based on those students who use online classes, de partments which offer online classes, and other people who use online classes. Approach based on the collection of data is explained from these three features. In the course of the research, Director of Disability services was interviewed; the findings are in this section. A summary of the secondary research sources follows finally. This includes the online classes’ literature, benchmarking and online classes’ statistics. A questionnaire consisting of several questions was made up for the students. The aim was to know how the students perceive the issue of withdrawing or maintaining online classes and its benefits to students. The questions ranged from asking the students if they have taken online classes, the reasons for taking online classes, and a section for grading reasons for taking online classes on a scale of 1 to 5, with 1 being the lowest (poor) score and 5 being the highest score (excellent). The students were also asked to comment on several aspects regardi ng online classes. The other part of the questionnaire asked the students if they planned to take online classes in future, if they thought online classes were worthwhile and if they thought online classes should be banished. The questionnaire also contained a section that required the students to comment more about the issue of online classes, their individual suggestion concerned the improvement and benefits of online classes. Distribution of questionnaires to the students was done by one of the administrators of the Engineering Department. The questionnaires were completed over a period of a week (March 4-11) and set in a selected place in the department. Surveys were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. In regard to quantitative analysis, each aspect of the online classes was conducted on how the students rated it; poor (1), fair (2), good (3), exceptionally good (4) and excellent (5). Total rating number for every location was also calculated. This was done because not ev ery student uses writing center. In regard to qualitative analysis, the students’ comments for each aspect of online classes were compiled. Observations and recommendations of the students were linked so as to obtain a better understanding of the need to maintain online classes. Broader categories and themes were generated by us the researchers. Secondary research Results from the data collected The

Computer Memory Hacking Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Computer Memory Hacking - Assignment Example There exist some common tools that hackers normally use to intrude into the memory of computer systems. One of those common tools or techniques is inception. Using this technique, hackers present a serial bus protocol-2 using firewire interface to the machine of the targeted person. The operating system of the targeted computer connects the bus to the firewire port taking it as an SBP-2 device. The targeted device lowers its protection level because of the use of Direct Memory Access by the hacker. This helps the hackers to gain read/write access to the RAM of the targeted computer system. Another common tool used by hackers is Memory Hacking Software. Hackers can use this software to gain access to the memory of the computer systems. There are such software programs available on the internet that hackers can download to intrude into the computer systems. There is a huge significance of hacking in organizations and modern society. Hacking sometimes proves to be very disastrous because it provides access to files to the strangers who can use the information for illegal purposes. Therefore, organizations and individuals need to ensure the highest level of protection to their computer systems. Some of the easiest and most effective security measures include setting difficult passwords, regularly changing the login passwords, downloading a personal firewall, using cryptographic techniques, using authorization technique, setting encryption standards, and installing up to date antivirus software. Three best practices that one should use to protect their computer(s) from being hacked include installation of antivirus applications, use of firewalls, and use of Wifi Protected Access (WPA) as access control system. Let us put some light on all of these three practices. Antivirus applications are the most commonly used mechanisms for ensuring computer safety.  

The application of Jacques Lacan's theory and concepts of Essay

The application of Jacques Lacan's theory and concepts of Psychoanalysis - Essay Example tstanding pieces of the feminist literature, and the fact that such a powerful and impressive indignation of the author about the oppressed position of women in the male dominated society of the nineteenth century was voiced in time when many of social changes in the sphere of women`s social equality were even not yet thought of testifies to the great significance of the heritage of Charlotte Perkins Gilman for the modern feminist movements (Golden 1992, pp.319-332). Moreover, Gilman`s story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a great piece of literature for the study of concepts of psychoanalysis. It seems to be especially well suited for the comparison with the theories and concepts of the famous French doctor, psychiatrist, and psychoanalyst Jacques-Marie-Émile Lacan (1901–1981). In this regard, let us firstly take a closer look at the plot, themes, and symbols in the Gilman`s story, which depicts the decent of its heroine into madness, and secondly try to establish l inks between â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† and the concepts developed by Jacques Lacan. One of the chief themes of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† relates to the completely inadequate attitude of the husband to his wife, a woman that apparently has a depressed condition after having given a birth to a child and who is the main protagonist of the short novel. The plot of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is told to readers through the eyes, or more exactly through the private diary writings, of the heroine of the story, who after a nervous breakdown that we can associate with the so called postpartum depression, which may happen with new mothers right after the birth of a child, has been in essence isolated from the external world in a roomy and â€Å"so long untenanted† (Gilman 1892) mansion by the whim of her husband John. John is a physician who allegedly knows what is needed for his wife to get better as he is saying to her â€Å"You know the place is doing you good† (Gilman 1892). Moreover, as the woman observes

Computer Memory Hacking Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Computer Memory Hacking - Assignment Example There exist some common tools that hackers normally use to intrude into the memory of computer systems. One of those common tools or techniques is inception. Using this technique, hackers present a serial bus protocol-2 using firewire interface to the machine of the targeted person. The operating system of the targeted computer connects the bus to the firewire port taking it as an SBP-2 device. The targeted device lowers its protection level because of the use of Direct Memory Access by the hacker. This helps the hackers to gain read/write access to the RAM of the targeted computer system. Another common tool used by hackers is Memory Hacking Software. Hackers can use this software to gain access to the memory of the computer systems. There are such software programs available on the internet that hackers can download to intrude into the computer systems. There is a huge significance of hacking in organizations and modern society. Hacking sometimes proves to be very disastrous because it provides access to files to the strangers who can use the information for illegal purposes. Therefore, organizations and individuals need to ensure the highest level of protection to their computer systems. Some of the easiest and most effective security measures include setting difficult passwords, regularly changing the login passwords, downloading a personal firewall, using cryptographic techniques, using authorization technique, setting encryption standards, and installing up to date antivirus software. Three best practices that one should use to protect their computer(s) from being hacked include installation of antivirus applications, use of firewalls, and use of Wifi Protected Access (WPA) as access control system. Let us put some light on all of these three practices. Antivirus applications are the most commonly used mechanisms for ensuring computer safety.  

Education Is the Most Important Thing Essay Example for Free

Education Is the Most Important Thing Essay Education is the most important thing we can offer to our children and the generations to come, yet it is one of the topics that we struggle with the most. With the choices between local, state and federal authorities, who should have control over education? It is my belief that the control should lie with the federal authorities because they are able to maintain a complete situational picture over all the states. Many of our founding fathers of the United States feared that leaving education in the hands of private families, churches, local communities or philanthropic societies would not guarantee the survival of a democracy. (Pulliam Van Patten, 2007, p. 122). In this paper I am going to defend my opinion of why the federal authorities should have control of education. How programs they have developed have flourished, and even how some of their programs could be run better. I currently serve as an instructor for the Navy teaching junior Sailors how to do their job better thus protecting the ship for harm, however; I am not the only one who teaches these classes, so to ensure that all Sailors are taught the same information all of our learning sites fall under one controlling entity. The education of our youth should be run the same, and if education was to be allowed to be completely run by local or even state entities, then the education opportunities may not be the same throughout the cities and even states. One of the best programs I have seen is the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act of 2002. NCBL is a United States Act of Congress that was originally proposed by the administration of President George W. Bush immediately after taking office. The House of Representatives passed the bill on May 23, 2001, and United States Senate passed it on June 14, 2001. President Bush signed it into law on January 8, 2002. NCLB is the latest federal legislation that enacts the theories of standards-based education reform, which is based on the belief that setting high standards and establishing measurable goals can improve individual outcomes in education. The Act requires states to develop assessments in basic skills to be given to all students in certain grades, if those sta tes are to receive federal funding for schools. The Act does not assert a national achievement standard; standards are set by each individual state.(â€Å"No Child Left Behind Act of 2001â€Å", 2006) Not only does the NCLB Act standardize learning for the students it also is used for standardization of teacher qualifications. For decades, local policymakers and school officials turned a blind eye to a set  of vexing problems in public education. In practice, there was a situational definition of teacher quality. No one thought anything about, as one principal said, scheduling a physical education teacher to fill in for one class of history. It was a common practice for middle school principals to employ elementary certified teachers because it provided the principals maximum flexibility in assigning teachers to classes, whether or not the teachers were qualified to teach those classes. (Hayes , 2003) As stated earlier, I believe that all children should not only have the same opportunity to get an education, but should also be entitled to the same education as every other child. If control of our educational system was given to the local or even state authorities this would probably not be the case as each state would want to do it â€Å"their way†. The No Child Left Behind Act ensures that all children no matter race, religion, or financial status is given the same opportunities for education, and educated children are our future. References: Hayes , M. (2003). NCLB: Conspiracy, Compliance, or Creativity?. Retrieved from http://www.middleweb.com/HMnclb.html No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. (2006). Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/news/pressreleases/2006/02/02062006.html Pulliam, J. D., Van Patten, J. J. (2007). History of Education in American (9th Edition). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Columbus, Ohio.

Globalization Barcelona Renovation

Globalization Barcelona Renovation Although many cities around the world witness the triumphs and failures of globalization in all aspects of life, Barcelona has truly been a success story. Although Barcelona is a dense city confined by the Mediterranean Sea and the mountains, it has grown to be a commercial, industrial and tourism superpower in Europe. The benefits of globalization are apparent in the dynamic metropolitan area of Barcelona, a model used for urban design and renovation of cities throughout the world. Globalization has become an inevitable progression over time, and Barcelona has embraced its ongoing growth by constructively planning for the future. The metropolitan area of Barcelona has become a center for trade, industry, commerce and tourism, with almost four million residents. To prepare for the 1992 Olympic Games held in Barcelona, the city went through drastic transformations in urban development with hopes of becoming one of Europes economic superpowers. Now, Barcelona is becoming an exemplar city for its style and synthesis of urban design and innovation. Projects such as [emailprotected] Barcelona, an efficient infrastructure organization, the refurbishment of city beaches and port areas, the construction of pleasing and practical public spaces, the melting pot of world cultures and other revitalization plans have helped globalize Barcelona and make it the â€Å"capital of the Mediterranean† (Rossi). One project helping Barcelona continue to globalize and expand its knowledge is the [emailprotected] Barcelona innovation district. In the area of Poblenou, a neighborhood that was once occupied entirely by industrial buildings and factories, a complete transformation is underway to recreate 115 blocks of â€Å"modern spaces for the strategic concentration of intensive knowledge-based activities† (â€Å"Presentation†). Two hundred hectares of land in Poblenou will be renovated in order to allow for more living, working and learning spaces. According to the [emailprotected] Barcelona website, 53% of the neighborhood has begun transformation and many new companies are relocating their businesses to the new knowledge hub of the city. â€Å"The [emailprotected] project has likewise been warmly received, according to a research carried out by the University of Barcelona in June 2007, by the business community: 925 firms have already established in the [emailprotected] district or are in the process of building their corporate HQs there. More than 50% of the companies that have moved to the [emailprotected] district since 2001 belong to one of the four strategic [emailprotected] sectors: media, ITC, MedTech or energy† (â€Å"Current State†). The area of Poblenou has a designated â‚ ¬180 million in public investment, which will give the neighborhood access to innovative technology still nonexistent in many other globalizing cities. Green spaces, digital districts and tight-knit communities of buildings are just some of the inventive concepts that are being developed in Poblenou. Once the urban, economic and social renovations have been completed, the neighborhood will be transformed into a modern, unique environment for all aspects of daily life (â€Å"Presentation†). Like the neighborhood of Poblenou, Barcelonas infrastructure is constantly being upgraded and expanded. For example, Plaà §a de les Glà ²ries Catalanes is being completely reconstructed to include an underground train station, which will rival Plaza Cataluà ±a as a popular transportation center in the city. The fundamental structure of Barcelona includes a group of efficient transportation elements, including metro systems, airport expansions, sewage improvements, bus routes, highways and railroads. Barcelona has such a well-organized, logical setup for its infrastructure throughout the city, making the city once again a prototype for urban design which other cities have proposed to duplicate. â€Å"One of Barcelonas more outstanding characteristics is that its port, airport, railroad terminal for goods, highway networks and huge logistics area are all activities set in the same geographical space. This makes Barcelona highly internationalised, occupying a strategic position in t he world-wide transport network, and a key hub for trade with Asia† (Alarcon). The infrastructure in Barcelona is an important benefit of globalization because it organizes transportation to save time and avoid congestion of persons. Unlike other cities, Barcelona has public transportation centers on almost every block, whether it includes buses, metros, ferrocarrils or tunnels. This accessibility is imperative for residents, visitors and all people traveling through Barcelona because the infrastructure is time efficient and uncomplicated. Many other cities around the world would benefit from examining Barcelonas infrastructure design, which is frequently being revamped to keep up with the changes brought about by globalization and the needs of the people. Of all the renovations completed in Barcelona, the restoration of city beaches and the enlargement of port areas have helped increase tourism and turn the eyes of the people back to the sea. Huge additions to the port have been made including: a new bridge to facilitate transportation of trucks carrying cargo, extending piers to allow for more cargo ships to dock, and the destruction of industrial buildings along the beach to once again make the sea an attraction. â€Å"The past 10 years have seen a huge transformation of both port and city, as the municipal government sought to develop Barcelonas holiday and pleasure sailing reputation in tandem with traditional commercial activities. The boom in Barcelonas commercial centres has both invigorated (and itself been further promoted) with the desire to revise the citys maritime traditions† (Alarcon). Port Olympic and the Maremagnum marina are new economic hotspots near the beach, which appeal to both residents and tourists with restaurants, bars, an aquarium and movie theaters. The port, one of Barcelonas most essential places for trade, is in the process of extending its piers to increase the frequency of trade and tourism by building more docking areas for cargo boats and cruise liners. The beaches are one of Barcelonas main attractions, which have been nearly restored to their original beauty without the deterring industrial buildings that once lined the shore. These transformations, which have been underway or completed since 1992, have increased tourism and productivity of trade in Barcelona. Both of these aspects of globalization are extremely important to the city so that it can grow and attract more investors. The innovative additions to the beach and port areas will benefit Barcelonas economy, tourism and their position in the world market. If improving the coastline will help attract more tourists to the beach, improving public spaces, park areas and dilapidated buildings will help attract more residents to the city. Globalization has led Barcelona to realize its confinement between the Mediterranean Sea and the mountains, leaving a highly dense population situated in-between that continues to grow. For that reason, the Barcelona model had planned for inevitable expansion of the city. Instead of spreading further out into the suburbs like most cities, Barcelona began the â€Å"layered multiple use† of land to build vertically opposed to horizontally (Rossi). â€Å"Across the city, parks spread out atop new highway tunnels. Parking lots hide under squares. Seventeenth-century convents are turned into libraries and cultural centers, palaces are transformed into hotels, museums sprout from former textile factories† (Rossi). Every inch of land in Barcelona has a purpose, and the city is praised for its abilit y to find the problems that exist in decaying buildings or empty spaces and repair them to make the area more eye-catching. For example, the area of El Raval was always known for its immigrant population, drug deals and prostitutes. After careful planning by the city to create a rambla in the center, add more squares throughout the neighborhood, and build the Centre de Cultura Contemporà  nia de Barcelona (CCCB), restaurants, businesses and people all want to buy space in El Raval. Besides making Barcelona more beautiful, these ongoing changes have also made the city more well-organized and useful. Cranes and angle cutters can be seen and heard throughout Barcelona, which is just a reminder that the city is working hard to keep Barcelona up-to-date with globalization needs and a constantly growing population. As the population in Barcelona increases, it is easy to see the mix of colors, races and languages that have become commonplace in this international city. For almost a century between 1850 and 1950, Spain was mainly an emigrating nation. Approximately 3.5 million people, especially temporary workers, emigrated to Argentina, Cuba, Uruguay and Brazil. However, in the late 1980s Spain became a country of immigration due to â€Å"the end of guest worker programs, the closing of the borders of traditional receiving countries, such as Germany, Switzerland, and France, the political evolution from authoritarian regimes, their proximity to the sending countries in the Maghreb, and the intense historical and economic bonds between both shores of the Mediterranean† (Ortega Pà ©rez). In 1999, the foreign-born population was 2.09% (89,744 people), but by 2005, the number of foreign inhabitants had increased to 11.13% with 531,040 people (Roca Cladera). Neighborhoods like El Raval are ho me to large numbers of immigrants, especially those from North Africa, Pakistan and Muslim communities. Projects such as the Universal Forum of Cultures, which promote human rights, cultural diversity and peace, have been established to accommodate the melting pot of cultures in the international community. â€Å"In order to promote a culturally diverse society, a series of policies have been deployed to fight the poverty and social exclusion that often go hand in hand with immigration, provide the resources required for the development of different communities in Catalonia, and, above all, encourage intercultural encounters† (Lachmann). Although Barcelona has struggled with racism and discrimination against immigrant communities, globalization has made Spain, and especially Catalonia, a desirable destination for immigrants from around the globe. The city boasts hundreds of restaurants with cuisines from every country, places for prayer for numerous religions, and cultural ce nters for the integration of immigrants. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected due to globalization and the ease of travel, immigration populations will continue to rise. Barcelona has dealt with the inevitable process of globalization by paying attention to details throughout the city, by maintaining what already exists and building what is needed for the future. From protecting the historical significance of a park bench to lining a lackluster street with palm trees, every corner in the city has been touched by globalization and yet still continues to function properly and look good. Barcelonas urban design has been used as a model for city development around the globe, due to its comprehensive planning and meticulous attention to every element of the city. According to architect Lord Richard Rogers, â€Å"Barcelona is the jewel of the crown of urban regeneration† (Rossi). Globalization has been an amazing benefit to Barcelona, because of its ability to keep up with the ever-changing, constantly growing needs of a metropolitan city. As a model for urban development and design, Barcelona has been praised for its ability to keep pace with the process of globalization, by revitalizing areas around the city and integrating them together into one functional community. The intensification of Barcelonas infrastructure development as well as the multi-layered use for expansion has helped the city to globalize, while affectively using every piece of available land for a planned residential development, park, square or office building. Without the benefit of globalization that has changed Barcelonas reputation from a run-down port town to a innovative model for designing and renovating cities, projects such as [emailprotected] Barcelona would be inconceivable and difficult to achieve. Barcelona has become a meeting place for cultures from around the world, as well as an immigration magnet for people from North Africa, South America and other emigrating nations. The new enticement created by port and beach renovations that were completed for the 1992 Olympic Games have increased tourism and turned the eyes of the city back to the Mediterranean Sea. Only time can tell how Barcelona will progress in the international spectrum of globalization, but the modern revitalization of the city has been an immense benefit for Barcelona, its visitors, and its people. Works Cited Alarcon, Jose. â€Å"Barcelonas port goes for massive growth.† International Market News. 01 Mar 2001. Trade Development Council. 6 Dec 2007 . â€Å"Current State.† [emailprotected] Barcelona. 2006. Ajuntament de Barcelona. 6 Dec 2007 . Lachmann, Joseph. â€Å"The Universal Forum of Cultures considers immigration as a source of social enrichment.† 09 Aug 2004. Herald Tribe. 7 Dec 2007 . Muenz, Rainer. â€Å"Europe: Population and Migration in 2005.† Feature Story. June 2006. Migration Policy Institute. 7 Dec 2007 . Ortega Pà ©rez, Nieves. â€Å"Spain: Forging an Immigration Policy.† Country Profiles. Feb 2003. Migration Policy Institute. 10 Dec 2007 . â€Å"Preamble.† Mobility pact. Ajuntament de Barcelona. 6 Dec 2007 . â€Å"Presentation.† [emailprotected] Barcelona. 2006. Ajuntament de Barcelona. 6 Dec 2007 . Roca Cladera, Josep. â€Å"Residential mobility and foreign immigration settlement in the Metropolitan area of Barcelona.† Sixth European Urban and Regional Studies Conference. 7 Dec 2007 . Rossi, Melissa. â€Å"The Barcelona Model.† IES Barcelona. 02 Feb 2004. IES Barcelona. 6 Dec 2007 .

The Benefits of Responsible Human Cloning Essay -- Argumentative Persu

The Benefits of Responsible Human Cloning      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On an unremarkable afternoon in July of 1996, in an unremarkable shed in Scotland, a lamb was born. This lamb was to spark a controversy that would be one of the defining arguments of this era. This lamb, simply named "Dolly" (after Dolly Parton in reference to the mammary cell used as the donor), was the first clone to be born using specialized cells from an adult mammal. The fact that the lamb was cloned from these specialized cells - such as muscle cells, liver cells, or mammary cells - is what made this discovery of such importance. Before this, scientists had thought that these cells had lost their ability to grow into a new embryo. They had already cloned embryos, but this revelation meant that a clone could be produced from an adult subject. At first, one would think that little benefit could be derived from such a discovery, beyond the novelty of being able to make an exact copy of one's self, but scientists soon theorized many benefits that could result from such a procedure. A more hom ogeneous control group for use in science experiments involving animals would be an obvious example. A completely similar group of animals is extremely difficult if not impossible to accomplish without the use of cloning. The current research being conducted on aging would benefit greatly from this application of cloning. The medical field could also be helped by cloning. Cells from a cloned embryo could be used to treat such illnesses as Parkinson's Disease and muscular dystrophy. Also, entire organs could be grown to replace failing ones, thus entirely eliminating t he long wait for a matching donor. This would also eliminate the harvesting of organs from the prisoners... ...fin, Dr. Harry. "Cloning and Genetic Modification: A Brief History of Nuclear Transfer." Roslin Institute Online. Online. 11 Dec. 1997. Herbert, Wray, Jeffery L. Sheler, and Traci Watson. "The World After Cloning: A Reader's Guide to What Dolly Hath Wrought." U.S. News and World Report 10 Mar. 1997: 59-63. Kolata, Gina. Clone: The Road to Dolley and the Path Ahead. New York, William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1998. Macklin, Ruth. "Human Cloning? Don't Just Say No." U.S. News and World Report 10 Mar. 1997: 64. Mario, Christopher. "A Spark of Science, a Storm of Contoversy." U.S. 1 Newspaper 5 Mar. 1998. PrincetonInfo.com. Online. 9 Mar. 1998. "Papal Panel Condemns Cloning, Warns of Genetic Research Dangers." Fox News. Online. 3 Mar. 1998. Shapiro, Harold T. "Ethical and Policy Issues of Human Cloning." Email to the author. 10 March 1998.

Colonising Within the Marriage in Rhyss Wide Sargasso Sea Essay

Colonising Within the Marriage in Rhys's Wide Sargasso Sea      Ã‚   Jean Rhys' complex text, Wide Sargasso Sea, came about as an attempt to re-invent an identity for Rochester's mad wife, Bertha Mason, in Jane Eyre, as Rhys felt that Bronte had totally misrepresented Creole women and the West Indies: 'why should she think Creole women are lunatics and all that? What a shame to make Rochester's wife, Bertha, the awful madwoman, and I immediately thought I'd write a story as it might really have been.' (Jean Rhys: the West Indian Novels, p144).   It is clear that Rhys wanted to reclaim a voice and a subjectivity for Bertha, the silenced Creole, and to subvert the assumptions made by the Victorian text.   She does so with startling results.   In her quest to re-instate Bertha's identity, Rhys raises issues such as the problems of colonisation, gender relations and racial issues.   She explores the themes of displacement, Creolisation and miscegenation.   However, the aim of this essay is to look at the marriage contract within the tex t,   its effects on the participants' sense of selfhood and its comparisons with the colonial encounter. The marriage contract, for Rhys, is ultimately cast as a colonial encounter in the novel.   However, the problem of displacement and a shaky sense of one's own identity are already well established in the first part of the text, long before the marriage takes place.   It seems that Rhys wants to bring the problems of the Creole existence to the fore at the very beginning of the novel, and lay emphasis on Antoinette's feelings of alienation: the white Creoles are neither part of the black slave community or accepted as European either (a lack of belonging that Rhys knew all too well):   'they say when... ...ys 109)   physically displaces her, splitting her from the West Indies and any connection with a self image: 'there is no looking-glass here and I don't know what I am like now...what am I doing in this place and who am I?' (WSS 117).   At this point in the novel, Rochester's role as coloniser and Antoinette's as colonised within the marriage are fully realised.   Rochester, in the position of power, has successfully taken possession of Antoinette's wealth, property and identity.   Antoinette, stripped of all three, has made the transition from Rhys' text to the imperial construction of the mad woman in the attic of Jane Eyre. Works Cited: Rhys, Jean. Wide Sargasso Sea. London: Penguin, 1997. Howells, Coral Ann. Jean Rhys. London: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1991. O'Connor, Teresa F. Jean Rhys: The West Indian Novels. New York: New York University Press, 1986.

Are our actions truly our own? Essay

What we do, where we walk, how we act and what decisions we take; are they guided by our free will or by the hand of fate? Even if we do have free will; are we one hundred percent, truly free or is free will just training wheels carrying us along different paths to our predestined location? If so, we are inherently limited from birth in the aspects of our intelligence, success, and true freedom depending on how binding the shackles of fate truly are. We can’t control circumstances of our birth or generally life-altering things that are out of our control such as a random lightning strike or traffic accident, but perhaps we can control the broader course of our life through our actions. One who trains their body diligently and with supreme effort may become a famous MMA fighter with a body that the ancient Greeks would marvel at, but what if that person’s profession and training were stamped into him at birth? At conception? At the beginning of time itself? Possible, but what if he just made a decision one day and earned it? There simply is no way to know, short of speaking with the divinity that has assigned us all our fates if such a being exists. Say we are all prisoners in an inescapable prison of destiny. Perhaps some of us are given the opportunity to control our fates. Perhaps some of us are afforded a choice between the blue pill or the red pill; the choice to be a living puppet or to break into our own universal order and control our own lives. We will never know. The one thing we may know however, is that we may be given this choice one day, and this rift in the balance of the universe will afford us enough free will in the situation simply to make the decision between the blue pill and the red pill. We can know in our hearts what our decisions will be when we are handed our destinies and told to take control and become the master of our own destinies or release them back into the cosmic wind, and become a simple puppet once more. I can speak for no one but myself, but I know my answer in my heart. The thought of my life being anything but my own up until this point sickens me. I will not be a puppet,  I will not be led forcefully through my destiny by the imperceptible shackles of fate. I will take control of my destiny, steer my own ship; I will be the master of my own destiny if the expense is my life; because I know the life I led will have truly been mine.

Comparison and Contrast of Two Legal Journals

Upon first pondering the idea of comparing two legal journals, I automatically summoned thoughts of lugging a seventy pound book over to a table then blowing the dust off of it. In reality I found several journals to choose from, each with a few issues to select from. I chose Trial: Journal of Association of Trial Lawyers of America and Law Practice Management as my journals to compare/contrast. They were quite a stark contrast to what I imagined them to be, visually as well as in regard to content. Though the content and themes of the two journals differed, they were written in relatively similar ocabulary levels and style. I saw no advantages in one over the other, since they cover different subjects and both would most likely prove beneficial if in the possession of a Neither journal was intimidating, as I had perceived them to be in my imagination. Both journals followed a relatively similar information layout to that of PC Monthly or Car & Truck Digest, in that they resemble a magazine with an editorial section and a â€Å"News and Trends† section. They were both written in a vocabulary that was not heady at all in my eyes; any college student should manage reading it easily. In the case of Law Practice Management, one may need a firm grasp on financial lingo for some of the specialized articles relating to bookkeeping, but beside that, both journals were as easy to understand as Life magazine. Both journals had a special focus in each issue, with Trial mainly focusing on issues like civil rights, internet law, and other current issues that trial lawyers may not be familiar with. Some of the actual articles were â€Å"The Violence Against Women Act†, â€Å"Police misconduct†, and â€Å"Looking at State Constitutions. † Law Practice Management eals with topics relevant to lawyers as well as other corporate professionals that may deal with the legal profession, such as how to keep good relations with clients, how to increase your profits with legal fees. Their special feature of one issue was â€Å"Ten ways to make more money†, and another was â€Å"Keeping a life-long client. The journal also includes a large editorial section in the front of the magazine, followed by news on current technologies pertinent to the legal field. Both journals had rather small articles, but most all questions posed were answered thoroughly. Though most articles were concise, there were no gaps in their eporting of the story. Law Practice Management was relatively straightforward and unbiased, however, Trial seemed to take a liberal stance with how they structured their articles relating to civil rights. I took no offense to this, because I tend to take a more liberal stance on civil rights as well as other political issues. Being somewhat certain that I will continue to pursue a future as a lawyer and politician, I believe that this served as a helpful introduction to journals I may subscribe to in the future. A trial lawyer seems like an interesting profession, and Trial seems to be n easy-to-read, relaxed way of staying abreast current issues relevant to being a trial lawyer. The articles are informative, yet do not drag on for two or four pages. The vocabulary is pretty simplistic, and should not pose an intellectual threat to any individual in the law profession. Most people in the law industry probably want to maximize their profit potentials, where upon Law Practice Management will prove beneficial. This journal, too, is easy reading, and deals with current high-tech tools helpful in the legal field, as well as informative tips on a lawyer†s people and professional skills.

Sustainablity Marketing Plan -- 3M Corporation Speech or Presentation

Sustainablity Marketing Plan -- 3M Corporation - Speech or Presentation Example Currently, it is one of the premier manufacturing corporations. The corporation manufactures diversified products including more than 60000 different products which are observed to dominate in their respective markets. The corporation operates with 81 manufacturing sites in 28 states in the United States of America. 3M operates in more than 133 manufacturing and converting facilities in over 60 nations globally (3M Company, â€Å"Inspired innovation†). The corporation is engaged in various technology oriented segments. It manufactures products for wide-range of industries such as transportation, healthcare, safety, security and protection services, consumer and office, displays and graphics as well as electro and communication businesses. In addition to this, the corporation sells its products through various channels such as through the involvements of distributors, wholesalers, retailers, dealers, as well as directly to the costumers nationally and internationally across the world (Reuters, â€Å"Profile: 3M Co (MMM)†). Thesis Statement The discussion intends to critically identify the initiatives of 3M Corporation for ensuring sustainable growth and economic progress. It also intends to provide sustainable marketing plan for the corporation keeping in consideration the integral aspects such as promotion. Marketing Mission and Corporate Sustainability 3M Corporation is a global manufacturer and technology innovator successfully operating across the world primarily in six different operation segments. The corporation’s prime mission is to earn customer loyalty and respect by effectively differentiating it from its competitors. Moreover, the company is determined to operate with uncompromising authenticity and integrity in its all operational activities. It also aims at satisfy diverse customers with innovative technologies and superior quality products and services. Furthermore, it intends to place deep respects for its investors and provi de them high and attractive returns through sustainable and global growth. The corporation in relation to its mission concentrates on continuous development of social, physical and economic environment around the world. Least but not last, the company intends to develop employees skills and leadership qualities through its continuous initiatives (3M Company, â€Å"Sustaining Future†). The corporation’s sustainability strategies are primarily focused on customers’ satisfaction and its overall commercial success within social, economic and environmental values and frameworks. Its strategies are directed towards promoting healthy environment and safety measures at its different locations worldwide. The corporation’s sustainability strategies also emphasize on pollution prevention endeavors through continuous development of new and efficient technologies and products to be offered to its wide range of customers. As a part of its sustainability strategies its focuses on acquiring and retaining a pool of competent and skilled workforce as

Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Law - Essay Example Throughout, the law treated the threat of physical injury as assault while battery was considered the complete contact to cause harm. This version of the distinction is no longer valid as compared to the physical contact hence null and void. For Hilder to be taken to the hospital after being hit by the husband with a chair leg by the husband Billy is a clear example of Assault or battery to mention. The act is worsened when Billy further exposes their violent acts to the public through putting a slap on the face of the nurse, which prompts the calling of the police to arrest Hilder’s husband. The arrest of Billy for assault is much in pace and if prosecuted would be liable because there is the medical evidence of physical injury and as well the two children aged five and eight also could act as witnesses to the aggravated violence case. This is because assault or battery are an example of the widely known criminal offenses given that their occurrence vividly brings to the mind s of the victims scenes of fight or violence in line of the aggravated acts (Brannigan 2012). Legally the two terms or concepts are quite distinct and hence their punishments are quite different with the determination of battery attracting vast penalty as compared to whether it is simply an assault. In their determination and proof against or for the parties concerned in the argument, have to clearly breakdown the concepts into their respective elements. In handling of this case we will look at the case clearly while even defining all the defenses available for the accuse persons and the look at the penalties to be faced in the cases of the sentences by the respective offenders (Gore 2007). The act by Billy on the wife Hilder will amount to assault due to the mere fact that the definition of assault and battery is nowadays not factually differentiated. Otherwise, the factual definition of assault as it remains in the other states is that the conviction for assault will still need th e existence of the criminal act since an assault will require a direct act to put another individual to a reasonable fear. This therefore dispels the notion of spoken words alone being considered assault not until the offender backs them up with relevant actions that make the recipient in a position of foreseeing imminent danger (Reddington & Kreisel 2005). For a person to be considered to have committed an assault the individual only needs to have shown the general intents, Billy though has gone further to hit both his wife and the nurse intensely injuring the wife after he pretends to be going to see the wife in the hospital which is the most unlikely case they would witness. It means that someone can hardly assault another person accidentally but they have to act in a manner likely to amount to a cause of terror to the offenders. Therefore, if an individual acts in a way that's considered dangerous to other people that can be enough to support assault charges, even if they didn't intend a particular harm to a particular individual which will be in the intention to scare or frighten the

Legal Abortion is a Fundamental Right Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 46

Legal Abortion is a Fundamental Right - Essay Example Abortion happened to become one of the most controversial and debated issues of the last decades. It is easy to observe that its advocates and opponents cannot even define this term. Abortion opponents consider the embryo to be a human being, which by no means may be killed. Abortion equals the murder. On the other hand, abortion rights advocates insist that a woman should never be forced to carry an embryo at the expense of her health. The essence of reproductive choice lies in the principle of private autonomy concerning sexuality and fertility. It presupposes conscious and responsible attitude towards these issues. Reproductive rights are expected to provide appropriate social conditions to maintain reproductive health. They became an integral part of many international human rights documents and national legislation. The right to maintain reproductive health is one of the most important reproductive rights. This right becomes exercisable only in case if all the people are provide d with all the modern  methods of family planning. Artificial abortion is certainly one of them. Unfortunately, abortion is an inevitable evil of modern society. Reproductive rights may be considered fundamental, especially for women. According to Angela Devis, one of the first activists of abortion-rights movement, modern women may possess various rights like the right to vote in an election, right to education, and many others, but none of them is worthy unless women possess the right to control their own bodies. The fact that a woman’s life may be inconvertibly changed without her consent cannot be tolerated, especially in case if pregnancy occurs because of deception or sexual violence. The experts of PPFA (Planned Parenthood Federation of America) assure that reproductive choice should by no means be constrained. It should be promoted instead.

Ethical and Legal Issues in Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethical and Legal Issues in Nursing - Essay Example Cardiac nursing is a nursing specialty that deals with patients who suffer from different cardiovascular system conditions such as congestive heart failure, cardiac dysrhythmia, coronary artery disease and cardiomyopathy among others. In the course of work, nurses are subject to a number of ethical and legal issues. This is because their professional duties can be very challenging; there are ethical and legal implications in nearly if not all aspects of their duties. It is in the light of this fact that ethical and legal frameworks have been set up in order to provide moral and practical guidelines that influences nursing decisions. Ethical frameworks are established by the American Nurses Association Code of Nursing Ethics and to an extent by personal and societal values thereby influencing ethical decisions by nurses. According to the American Nurses Association [ANA] (2011), the first provision of Code of Ethics is that, all nurses in their professional relationships should practi ce respect and compassion for the inherent worth, individual’s uniqueness, and dignity regardless of the personal attributes, nature of health problems, or socio-economic status of the individual. The first ethical issue that arises from this provision is the principle of patient autonomy. This principle assumes that a patient is in a position to understand what a given intervention involves and therefore in a position to refuse or consent to it the American Heart Association [AHA] (2005). Unless they are declared incompetent by a court of law or they are incapacitated, adult patients are presumed to have the ability to make decisions. The patient must be in a position to decide and choose various alternatives available and should relate the decision to values’ stable framework. AHA advises that in an event that the preferences of the patients are uncertain, emergency conditions should be treated first until the clarification for the preferences are made. Additionally, ANA (2011) notes, the patient’s interests are primary. Therefore, it raises the ethical issue of advance directives, living wills, and patient self- determination. An advance directive allows the patient to express his or her wishes and thoughts regarding his or her end- of- life care. They can be based on living wills, attorney’s durable powers for health care, written directives or conversations. A living will relates to patient’s direction to physicians about the medical care to be approved if he or she becomes terminally ill hence unable to make decisions. It is important to note that advance directives and living wills should be considered periodically since the medical conditions and patient’s desires may change over time AHA (2005). Apart from the laid- down ethical frameworks, personal and societal values play a critical role in influencing ethical decision- making especially among the cardiac nurses. The fundamental values of nursing include pre vention of suffering, equality among patients and human dignity. As such personal and societal values should be in tandem with this values; failure of which may lead to nursing ethics being compromised. Therefore, personal values that are derived from education, field of expertise, personal attributes, and culture should be geared towards adhering to nursing ethics. Personal values such as responsibility, intelligence, and honesty among others determine the ethical decisions by nurses. If these personal values